Можем да инсталираме сървърните роли и възможности с използване на графичния интерфейс или с възможностите на PowerShell:
След „чистата“ инсталация на Windows Server няма инсталирани никакви роли. Чрез
бутона „Add or remove a role“ можем да изберем какви роли да бъдат
инсталирани, една по една или няколко наведнъж. Трябва да сме сигурни,
че имаме инсталирани и свързани всички мрежови карти и модеми, принтери и
др. периферия, имаме интернет връзка и разполагаме с инсталационния
диск на Windows Server:
След
проверка на хардуера и инсталираните компоненти, виждаме списък на
отделните роли. Ако една роля е инсталирана, то тя не може да бъде
инсталирана отново, а само премахната. Маркираме ролята, която трябва да
бъде инсталирана, след което преминаваме към следващата стъпка:
Визуализира
се списък на задачите, които трябва да се изпълнят, в нашия случай –
инсталиране на DNS сървър и последващото му конфигуриране:
На
следващата стъпка се извършва самата инсталация, копиране (сваляне) на
необходимите компоненти и тяхната конфигурация. Ако получаваме ip адреса
на машината чрез DHCP, получаваме предупреждение, че трябва да
използваме поне един статичен адрес и директно сме пренасочени към
мрежовите настройки, където трябва да направим необходимите промени.
Преди да продължим с конфигурирането се препоръчва да проверим дали сме
извършили всички необходими предварителни стъпки, необходими за
довършване на инсталацията:
В зависимост от размера на мрежата и нашия опит ни се предлагат няколко подхода при конфигуриране на DNS сървъра:
Предлага
ни се да изберем дали ние управляваме зоната или това е задача на
доставчика ни, като при нас има копие на записите, както и да я
наименуваме:
Получаваме предложение да запишем настройките на зоната в нов файл, в нашия случай example.com.dns, или в съществуващ такъв:
След
уточняване дали ще бъде разрешено динамично обновяване на информацията
за този домейн и дали ще има пренасочване и към кой/и адрес(и), можем да
приключим настройките с преглед на възможните действия с тази роля:
В
списъка на инсталираните роли на този сървър се появява току-що
привършената задача с възможност за изменение и преконфигуриране:
В
списъка на инсталираните програми, в секцията „Administrative tools“ се
появява новоинсталираната програма DNS (dnsmgmt), чрез която можем да
извършваме по-нататъшните настройки и преконфигурации на сървъра:
Другият
подход е да инсталираме дадена роля конзолно чрез PowerShell.
Достъпните роли и възможности са, както и съответните команди са:
Role/Service or Main Feature
|
R/S/F Name
|
Installation command
|
DHCP Server
|
DHCP Server
|
DHCP
|
Print Services
|
Print Server
|
Print-Services
|
Internet Printing
|
Print-Internet
| |
LPD Service
|
Print-LPD-Service
| |
Terminal Services
|
Terminal Services
|
Terminal-Services
|
Terminal Server
|
TS-Terminal-Server
| |
TS Licensing
|
TS-Licensing
| |
TS Gateway
|
TS-Gateway
| |
TS Web Access
|
TS-Web-Access
| |
TS Session Broker
|
TS-Session-Broker
| |
Active Directory Domain Services
|
AD
|
N/A
|
Active Directory Domain Controller
|
ADDS-Domain-Controller
| |
Identity Management for UNIX
|
ADDS-Identity-Management
| |
Server for Network Information Service
|
ADDS-NIS
| |
Password Synchronization
|
ADDS-Password-Sync
| |
DNS Server
|
DNS
| |
File Services
|
File Services
|
N/A
|
Distributed File System (DFS)
|
FS-DFS
| |
DFS Namespace
|
FS-DFS-Namespace
| |
DFS Replication
|
FS-DFS-Replication
| |
File Server Resource Manager
|
FS-Resource-Manager
| |
Services for Network File System
|
FS-NFS-Services
| |
Windows Search Service
|
FS-Search-Service
| |
Windows Server 2003 File Services
|
FS-Win2003-Services
| |
File Replication Service
|
FS-Replication
| |
Indexing Service
|
FS-Indexing-Service
| |
Web Server
|
Web Server (IIS)
|
Web-Server
|
Internet Information Services
|
Web-WebServer
| |
Common HTTP Features
|
Web-Common-Http
| |
Static Content
|
Web-Static-Content
| |
Default Document
|
Web-Default-Doc
| |
Directory Browsing
|
Web-Dir-Browsing
| |
HTTP Errors
|
Web-Http-Errors
| |
HTTP Redirection
|
Web-Http-Redirect
| |
Application Development
|
Web-App-Development
| |
ASP.NET
|
Web-Asp-Net
| |
.NET Extensibility
|
Web-Net-Ext
| |
ASP
|
Web-ASP
| |
CGI
|
Web-CGI
| |
ISAPI Extensions
|
Web-ISAPI-Ext
| |
ISAPI Filters
|
Web-ISAPI-Filter
| |
Server Side Includes
|
Web-Includes
| |
Health and Diagnostics
|
Web-Health
| |
HTTP Logging
|
Web-Http-Logging
| |
Logging Tools
|
Web-Log-Libraries
| |
Request Monitor
|
Web-Request-Monitor
| |
Tracing
|
Web-Http-Tracing
| |
Custom Logging
|
Web-Custom-Logging
| |
ODBC Logging
|
Web-ODBC-Logging
| |
Security
|
Web-Security
| |
Basic Authentication
|
Web-Basic-Auth
| |
Windows Authentication
|
Web-Windows-Auth
| |
Digest Authentication
|
Web-Digest-Auth
| |
Client Certificate Mapping Authentication
|
Web-Client-Auth
| |
IIS Client Certificate Mapping Authentication
|
Web-Cert-Auth
| |
URL Authorization
|
Web-Url-Auth
| |
Request Filtering
|
Web-Filtering
| |
IP and Domain Restrictions
|
Web-IP-Security
| |
Performance
|
Web-Performance
| |
Static Content Compression
|
Web-Stat-Compression
| |
Dynamic Content Compression
|
Web-Dyn-Compression
| |
Management Tools
|
Web-Mgmt-Tools
| |
IIS Management Console
|
Web-Mgmt-Console
| |
IIS Management Scripts and Tools
|
Web-Scripting-Tools
| |
Management Service
|
Web-Mgmt-Service
| |
IIS 6 Management Compatibility
|
Web-Mgmt-Compat
| |
IIS 6 Metabase Compatibility
|
Web-Metabase
| |
IIS 6 WMI Compatibility
|
Web-WMI
| |
IIS 6 Scripting Tools
|
Web-Lgcy-Scripting
| |
IIS 6 Management Console
|
Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console
| |
FTP Publishing Service
|
Web-Ftp-Publishing
| |
FTP Server
|
Web-Ftp-Server
| |
FTP Management Console
|
Web-Ftp-Mgmt-Console
| |
Active Directory Federation Services
|
ADFS
|
None
|
Federation Service
|
ADFS-Federation
| |
Federation Service Proxy
|
ADFS-Proxy
| |
Web Agents
|
ADFS-Web-Agents
| |
Claims-aware Agent
|
ADFS-Claims
| |
Windows Token-based Agent
|
ADFS-Windows-Token
| |
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services
|
Formerly ADAM
|
ADLDS
|
Application Server
|
Application Server
|
Application-Server
|
Application Server Core
|
AS-AppServer-Core
| |
Web Server Support
|
AS-Web-Support
| |
COM+ Network Access
|
AS-Ent-Services
| |
TCP Port Sharing
|
AS-TCP-Port-Sharing
| |
Windows Process Activation Service Support
|
AS-WAS-Support
| |
HTTP Activation
|
AS-HTTP-Activation
| |
Message Queuing Activation
|
AS-MSMQ-Activation
| |
TCP Activation
|
AS-TCP-Activation
| |
Named Pipes Activation
|
AS-Named-Pipes
| |
Distributed Transaction Support
|
AS-Dist-Transaction
| |
Incoming Remote Transactions
|
AS-Incoming-Trans
| |
Outgoing Remote Transactions
|
AS-Outgoing-Trans
| |
WS-Atomic Transaction Support
|
AS-WS-Atomic
| |
Active Directory Certificate Services
|
Active Directory Certificate Services
|
N/A
|
Certification Authority
|
ADCS-Cert-Authority or AD-Certificate
| |
Online Certificate Status Protocol
|
ADCS-Online-Cert
| |
Fax Server
|
Fax Server
|
Fax
|
Network Policy and Access Services
|
Network Policy and Access Services
|
NPAS
|
Network Policy Server
|
NPAS-Policy-Server
| |
NPAS Routing and Remote Access Services
|
NPAS-RRAS-Services
| |
Remote Access Service
|
NPAS-RRAS
| |
Routing
|
NPAS-Routing
| |
Health Registration Authority
|
NPAS-Health
| |
Windows Deployment Services
|
Windows Deployment Services
|
WDS
|
Hyper-V
|
Hyper-V
|
Hyper-V
|
Failover Clustering
|
Failover Clustering
|
Failover-Clustering
|
Network Load Balancing
|
Network Load Balancing
|
NLB
|
Desktop Experience
|
Desktop Experience
|
Desktop-Experience
|
.NET Framework 3.0 Features
|
.NET Framework 3.0 Features
|
NET-Framework
|
.NET Framework 3.0
|
.NET Framework 3.0
|
NET-Framework-Core
|
XPS Viewer
|
XPS Viewer
|
NET-XPS-Viewer
|
Windows Communication Foundation Activation Components
|
Windows Communication Foundation Activation Components
|
NET-Win-CFAC
|
HTTP Activation
|
HTTP Activation
|
NET-HTTP-Activation
|
Non-HTTP Activation
|
Non-HTTP Activation
|
NET-Non-HTTP-Activ
|
Windows System Resource Manager
|
Windows System Resource Manager
|
WSRM
|
Wireless Networking
|
Wireless Networking
|
Wireless-Networking
|
Windows Server Backup
|
Windows Server Backup
|
Backup
|
WINS Server
|
WINS Server
|
WINS-Server
|
Remote Assistance
|
Remote Assistance
|
Remote-Assistance
|
Simple TCP/IP Services
|
Simple TCP/IP Services
|
Simple-TCPIP
|
Telnet Client
|
Telnet Client
|
Telnet-Client
|
Telnet Server
|
Telnet Server
|
Telnet-Server
|
Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications
|
Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications
|
Subsystem-UNIX-Apps
|
RPC over HTTP Proxy
|
RPC over HTTP Proxy
|
RPC-over-HTTP-Proxy
|
SMTP Server
|
SMTP Server
|
SMTP-Server
|
LPR Port Monitor
|
LPR Port Monitor
|
LPR-Port-Monitor
|
Storage Manager for SANs
|
Storage Manager for SANs
|
Storage-Mgr-SANS
|
BITS Server Extensions
|
BITS Server Extensions
|
BITS
|
Message Queuing
|
Message Queuing
|
MSMQ
|
Message Queuing Services
|
MSMQ-Services
| |
Message Queuing Server
|
MSMQ-Server
| |
Directory Service Integration
|
MSMQ-Directory
| |
Message Queuing Triggers
|
MSMQ-Triggers
| |
HTTP Support
|
MSMQ-HTTP-Support
| |
Multicasting Support
|
MSMQ-Multicasting
| |
Routing Service
|
MSMQ-Routing
| |
Windows 2000 Client Support
|
MSMQ-Win2000
| |
Messaging Queue DCOM Proxy
|
MSMQ-DCOM
| |
Windows Process Activation Service
|
Windows Process Activation Service
|
WAS
|
Process Model
|
WAS-Process-Model
| |
.NET Environment
|
WAS-NET-Environment
| |
Configuration APIs
|
WAS-Config-APIs
| |
Windows Internal Database
|
Windows Internal Database
|
Windows-Internal-DB
|
BitLocker Drive Encryption
|
BitLocker Drive Encryption
|
BitLocker
|
Multipath I/O
|
Multipath I/O
|
Multipath-IO
|
Internet Storage Naming Server
|
Internet Storage Naming Server
|
ISNS
|
Removable Storage Manager
|
Removable Storage Manager
|
Removable-Storage
|
TFTP Client
|
TFTP Client
|
TFTP-Client
|
SNMP Services
|
SNMP Services
|
SNMP-Services
|
SNMP Service
|
SNMP-Service
| |
SNMP WMI Provider
|
SNMP-WMI-Provider
| |
Services for Network File System
|
Services for Network File System
|
NFS-Services
|
Internet Printing Client
|
Internet Printing Client
|
Internet-Print-Client
|
Peer Name Resolution Protocol
|
Peer Name Resolution Protocol
|
PNRP
|
Connection Manager Administration Kit
|
Connection Manager Administration Kit
|
CMAK
|
Remote Server Administration Tools
|
Remote Server Administration Tools
|
RSAT
|
Role administration tools
|
RSAT-Role-Tools
| |
Active Directory Certificate Services Tools
|
RSAT-ADCS
| |
Active Directory Domain Services Tools
|
RSAT-ADDS
| |
Active Directory Domain Controller Tools
|
RSAT-ADDC
| |
Server for NIS Tools
|
RSAT-SNIS
| |
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services Tools
|
RSAT-ADLDS
| |
Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD RMS) Tools
|
RSAT-RMS
| |
DHCP Server Tools
|
RSAT-DHCP
| |
DNS Server Tools
|
RSAT-DNS
| |
Fax Server Tools
|
RSAT-Fax
| |
DFS Management Console Tools
|
RSAT-DFS-Mgnt-Con
| |
File Server Resource Manager Management Console Tools
|
RSAT-FSRM-Mgnt
| |
Hyper-V Tools
|
RSAT-Hyper-V
| |
Services for Network File System Tools
|
RSAT-NFS-Admin
| |
File Services Tools
|
RSAT-File-Services
| |
Network Policy and Access Services Tools
|
RSAT-NPAS
| |
Health Registration Authority Tools
|
RSAT-HRA
| |
Network Policy Server Tools
|
RSAT-NPS
| |
Print Services Tools
|
RSAT-Print-Services
| |
Web Server (IIS) Tools
|
RSAT-Web-Server
| |
Terminal Services Tools
|
RSAT-TS
| |
TS RemoteApp Tools
|
RSAT-TS-RemoteApp
| |
TS Gateway Tools
|
RSAT-TS-Gateway
| |
TS Licensing Tools
|
RSAT-TS-Licensing
| |
UDDI Services Tools
|
RSAT-UDDI
| |
Feature administration tools
|
RSAT-Feature-Tools
| |
BitLocker Drive Encryption Tools
|
RSAT-BitLocker
| |
BITS Server Extensions Tools
|
RSAT-BITS-Server
| |
Failover Clustering Tools
|
RSAT-Clustering
| |
Network Load Balancing Tools
|
RSAT-NLB
| |
SMTP Server Tools
|
RSAT-SMTP
| |
Windows Deployment Services Tools
|
RSAT-WDS
| |
WINS Server Tools
|
RSAT-WINS
| |
Hyper-V Tools
|
RSAT-Hyper-V
| |
Windows PowerShell
|
Windows PowerShell
|
PowerShell
|
Group Policy Management
|
Group Policy Management
|
GPMC
|
Quality Windows Audio Video Experience
|
Quality Windows Audio Video Experience
|
Qwave
|
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